Diabetes Mellitus is a various metabolic disorder which can be caused by a state of functional deficiency of insulin leading to a chronic elevation of concentration of blood glucose primarily.
Depending upon the degree of hyperglycemia, there are accompanying symptoms of severe thirst (polydipsia), frequent and profuse urination (polyuria), weight loss, disorientation, and if untreated, coma and death. This disorder is the most important disease of adult which has a great influence on the welfare of mankind.
It was more than 600 B.C ago that leaves of the plant, Gymnema sylvestre, have been to be used as a popular folk medicine among the native population in India in order to treat "Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus)" and it still continues to today in India.
In this study, The level of blood glucose concentration after oral sucrose administration in dose of 4g/4㎏ of body weight with or without gymnemic acid(GA), a mixture of triterpene glucuronides extracted from the dried Gymnema sylvestre, in dose of 400㎎/㎏ of body weight were determined to investigate the effect on the elevation of blood glucose concentration with sucrose intake in STZ-diabetic rats Animal models for this study is choosened to rats which have showed hyperglycemia state (>200 ㎎/㎗) determined after 48 hours when was administered streptozotocin (35 ㎎/㎏) intraperitoneally.
After 48hrs of intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, sucrose solution (4g/㎏) was given orally in the control group. Experimental groups were divided into 1 GA administered with sucrose simultaneously, Triple GA; GA administered at two times i.e., 2 hour and 1 hour before sucrose and another one with sucrose simultaneously, and Four GA; GA anministered at three times i.e, 3 hour, 2 hour, and 1 hour before sucrose and another one with sucrose simultaneously. The blood glucose concentration was determined with Glucoscot-4315 at just before and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes after sucrose administration.
Results were obtained as follows;
1. In experimental animal models, the fasting blood glucose concentration is 267.25±7.4 ㎎/㎗ (4 group, 36 ea).
2. In control group, the fasting blood glucose concentration, 269.7±14.0 ㎎/㎗, was elevated to 315.7±14.9 ㎎/㎗ (increased 17.4% of fasting level) at 15 minutes, 444.7±22.2 ㎎/㎗ at 30 minutes (increased 64.8% of fasting level), and reached to maximal, 509.9±24.7 ㎎/㎗ (increased 89.4% of fasting level) at 60 minutes after sucrose administration. The blood glucose concentration was gradually decreased after 60 minutes and reached to 295.2±13.2 ㎎/㎗ (increased 11.4% of fasting level).
3. In single GA and sucrose group, the fasting blood glucose concentration level, 250.1±11.8 ㎎/㎗, was elevated to 296.6±14.2 ㎎/㎗ (increased 18.9% of fastubg level) at 15 minutes and reached to maximal, 446.2±25.2 ㎎/㎗ (increased 79.3% of fasting level) at 60 minutes after sucrose administration. The blood glucose concentration elevating pattern was the same as control group and gradually decreased after 60 minutes and reached to 276.3 ㎎/㎗ (increased 10.8% of fasting level) at 150 minutes.
4. In triple GA group and sucrose group, the fasting blood glucose concentration, 278.7±22.0 ㎎/㎗, was elevated to 309.9±22.6 ㎎/㎗ (increased 11.6% of fasting level) at 15 minutes and reached to maximal, 424.7 ㎎/㎗ (increased 58.4% of fasting level) at 60 minutes after sucrose administration. Percent increase in blood glucose level was more significantly suppressed to 33.6% and 51.4% of those times in without GA and to 62.8% and 79.3% of those times in single GA group at 30 & 60 minutes after sucrose administration respectively.
5. In four GA group, the fasting glucose concentration, 271.0 ㎎/㎗ was increased to 305.8 ㎎/㎗ reached to maximal, 398.8 ㎎/㎗ (increased 47.7% of fasting level) at 60 minutes after sucrose administration. But Percent increase in blood glucose level was more singigicantly suppressed to 33.7%, 44.7% of those instead of 64.8%, 89.4% of those in sucrose group.
An above results suggest that gymnemic acid has an suppressive effect on eleyated blood glucose concentration after sucrose administration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
This factwould be the advantages of gymnemic acid in an application to the therapy or prevention of diabetes mellitus.
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